With specific reference to the UK economy over the past 20 years, Essay

With specific reference to the UK economy over the past 20 years, critically discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of operating a floating exchange rate regime - Essay Example In a floating exchange rate system, the market forces determine the value of the currency; that is, by the interactions of several of banks, firms and other institutions seeking to sell and buy currency for the purposes of clearing transactions, arbitrage, hedging, and speculation. In October 1990, the UK joined the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), where the Sterling Pound was fixed against other currencies. In September 1992, UK left the ERM when the pound experienced sustained selling pressure, and the monetary authorities could no longer justify extremely high interest rates to maintain the value of the pound, when the domestic economy was under a deep recession. Since 1992, UK has adopted a flexible exchange rate system; there is no official intervention by the Bank of England to the currency markets to attain the desired level of exchange rate (Roderick & Paul 2004, p.143). The following are the key arguments in favor of a flexible exchange rate. First, reduced necessity for currency reserves; there is no target for an exchange rate level meaning there is little necessity for the Bank of England to hold large scale reserves of foreign currency and gold to use in possible official intervention, in the currency markets. However, in the real world, for example, in UK, the government always has some currency reserves, in case of balance of payments crisis, or the sentiment that the Sterling Pound is getting a bit too low or too high (Karl 2010, p.182). Second, useful tool of macroeconomic adjustment; a floating exchange rate may act as a useful instrument of macroeconomic adjustment. For example, depreciation of the currency should provide a boost in demand of net exports and thereby stimulate growth. This assumes that the higher wage claims or export prices do not dissolve the achievements from a low exchange rate as noted

Using Daniel Keyes, Flowers for Algernon Essay Example for Free

Using Daniel Keyes, Flowers for Algernon Essay Many feel that the mentally challenged are put through the many hardships of prejudice and maltreatment by people who lack the knowledge and understanding of their mental conditions. Usually what people dont know about, they consider strange or awkward and this is the case with the hardships of the mentally challenged. Prejudice, maltreatment and ignorance towards the mentally challenged are illustrated by the novel, Flowers for Algernon. In Flowers for Algernon, Charlie Gordon, being mentally challenged, goes through many experiences when he is pre judged by many people, especially those who claim to be his friends. These friends of his have the wrong ideas and wrong views when it comes to the mentally challenged. They believe that if an amputee has no limb then maybe a retard has no brain, which is completely irrelevant. Joe Carp said hey look Charlie had his operashun what did they do Charlie put some brains in (Keyes, 16) Just because someone is mentally challenged is no reason for believing that they are not capable of learning or doing anything and that is exactly what his friends and many others did to Charlie. I asked Joe Carp how he lerned to read and if I could lern to read to. He laffed like he always done when I said something funny and he says to me Charlie why waste your time they cant put any branes in where there aint none. (Keyes, 19) The hardships of prejudice that are faced by Charlie in his retarded state later change the way he looks at the world in general. Along with prejudice, Charlie, was also maltreated by his so-called friends and many other people, including his own mother. Rose, Charlies mother, wanted so much for Charlie to learn and become somebody in life and she did not want to accept that he was mentally challenged. This was not really helping him much. He is afraid to go there alone. He reaches up to her hand and sobs out: Toi-toi and she slaps his hand away. (Keyes, 55) Charlie was not only subjected to physical abuse and maltreatment but he also received emotional maltreatment from the people at the bakery by allowing Charlie to believe that he is one of their friends, but really is not treated as a friend should and is instead treated as the subject of their jokes. Then Frank Reilly said what did you do Charlie open a door the hard way. That made me laff. Their my friends and they really like me. (Keyes, 16) Maybe if Charlies mother and his fellow workers knew more about his conditions, then there may have been less maltreatment and abuse toward him. Maybe if everyone knew more about the conditions of the mentally challenged, then there may have been less subjection, for Charlie and other retarded people, to the many hardships the exist. It dont mean nothing, laughed Frank. It dont hurt him. He dont know any better. Do you, Charlie? (Keyes 42) Even his own mother did not really make much of an attempt at learning more about her sons conditions. She did not even want to see the truth of Charlies problems and thought that if he cannot do it, she had the right to disregard him. go to the washroom. Go by yourself. You know how to go. Cant you see he wants you to take him. (Keyes 53) At times she even tried to beat knowledge into him but instead of learning whatever it was his mother was teaching him, he was emotionally scarred. Its a pity to imagine that this could be happening anywhere and that it may not just be a story. In Conclusion, Flowers for Algernon helps demonstrate how the mentally challenged are judged and treated badly because of the lack of knowledge people have of them. The prejudice Charlie faces is mainly caused by is caused by ignorance people have of his conditions which eventually leads to his maltreatment. All people should take some time to think and learn more about what is happening and being done to make mentally challenged people go through the many hardships they go through.

Shakespeare :: essays research papers

The Globe Theatre 1. Prehistory Shakespeare joined the Lord Chamberlain men in 1594. At that time the company didn't have an own theatre. Sometimes they played in ,,The Theatre" or in the ,,Curtain-Theatre". After James Burbage died in 1598, the lease of the land where ,,The Theatre" was built, was passed. His sons Cuthbert and Richard Burbage tried to convince the owner to renew the lease, but he didn't. So Cuthbert and Richard leased land at the south bank of the Themse. Half of the needed money was raised by the Burbage brothers, the other half was raised by five actors of the group, one of them was Shakespeare. As the owner wasn't in London for some days, the people of the company teared the theatre down and transported the material over the Themse to the new land. The Globe Theatre was established between pubs and brothels (Kneipen und Bordelle). The theatre building was finished in 1599 and the first performance was in the summer of 1599. 2.The construction of the Globe Theatre The G.T. was London's most important public theatre. The name of the G.T. came from a sign beyond the gate, where Hercules was shown together with a globe. Around the picture there was written the sentence: "Totus mundus agit histrionem", that means: "The whole world is a stage". The G.T. was made from wood. It was an almost round building. There was place for circa 1200 people. A roof made of straw protected the three galeries inside the theatre and also the dressing-room but not the stage. Even if it was raining, the actors had to play. The court was surrounded by the galeries. Most of the stage laid in the court. The stage was a large platform. At the back, on each side of the platform, were two large doors. In the centre of the platform was a recess or inner stage, which was usually concealed by a curtain. But there was no front curtain to hide the stage completely and separate the actors from their audience. 3.The actors and the audience The actors were all men. Even the female roles were played by boys. The actors had to learn 800 lines a day, that was the reason why they could play 70 roles after three years. They acted without any costumes or scenery, instead they played in their own clothes. There was no real owner of the theatre and no boss.

Bible Essays - Pain and Suffering in Homers Odyssey and the Gospel of Matthew :: comparison compare contrast essays

Pain and Suffering in The Odyssey and the Gospel of Matthew In the "great works" of ancient Greece and of Christianity, suffering alone is portrayed as something to be feared. Both Homer's Odyssey and the Gospel of Matthew contend that suffering is virtually unbearable when the sufferer has not outside support. If, however, the tormented can find support from others, these teachings continue, suffering becomes more tolerable. Both agree that we wish to find supporters when we are tormented. Unfortunately, these sources diverge on how one finds such support. Homer teaches that one can find support by knowing that all of mankind suffers together, ultimately tormented by the gods. The Gospel of Matthew, however, teaches that by placing faith in God, the tormented can find support from God. More, it teaches that God hears the calls for help from humans and, if asked in true faith, will give support to all sufferers. To illustrate the teachings of these two works, one short passage from each is sufficient to give the kernel of the respective teachings on this subject: Rag of man that I am, is this the end of me? I fear the goddess told it all to wellÄ predicting great adversity at sea and far from home. Now all things bear her out: he whole rondure of heaven hooded so by Zeus in woeful cloud, and the sea raging under such winds. I am going down, that's sure. How lucky those Danaans were who perished on Troy's wide seaboard, serving the Atreidai! Would God I, too, had died there—met my end that time the Trojans made so many casts at me when I stood by Akhilleus after death. I should have had a soldier's burial and praise from the Akhanians—not this choking waiting for me at sea, unmarked and lonely. (Homer V.309-323) "He trusts in God; let God deliver him now, if he wants to; for he said 'I am God's Son." The bandits who were crucified with him also taunted him in the same way. From noon on, darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon. And about three o'clock Jesus cried with a loud voice "Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?" that is, "My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?" When some of the bystanders heard it, they said, "This man is calling for Elijah." At once one of them ran and got a sponge, filled it with sour wine, put it on a stick, and gave it to him to drink.

Asessment

I will continue to use this priority direction as the example in this assessment 1 guide. Your assignment task is to: 1 . Select one priority direction from the list. For example: One of the six priority directions of the Nest action agenda is ‘Improving the social and emotional wellbeing of young Australians' (pig 14). 2. Introduce the priority direction highlighting the significance for Australian children and youth You could: Discuss what Is social and emotional wellbeing and what are the benefits or outcomes of emotional and social wellbeing for children and youth.For example the early year's research provides evidence that Infant bonding and positive early life social experiences can strengthen healthy brain development providing the potential for greater educational achievement and the capacity to form successful relationships (National Scientific Council on the Developing Child 2004, Children's Emotional Development Is Built into the Architecture of Their Brains: Working Paper No. 2. Http://www. Developmentally. Net). 3.Identify the current status of child and youth health and wellbeing in Australia (birth to 24 years) in your selected priority direction and present the problem currently faced in Australia. Identify Australian statistics from various resources that indicate the outcomes related social and emotional wellbeing for Australian children. You may use RACY evidence such as Report Card: The wellbeing of young Australians along with other Australian sources e. G. AYAH to support your discussion.The RACY Report Card uses the average of all ‘Loved and Safe' measures to provide a global indicator of social and emotional wellbeing. You can refer to this. You could also provide statistics related to various determinants and related outcomes for this priority area and issues how the factor is relevant e. G. Bullying and the impact on youth mental health. 4. Discuss what determinants of health and wellbeing are contributing to these outcomes . Identify determinants from across various contexts influencing child and youth outcome I. E. Processes in the micro, mess, ex. Or macro systems.In this section you can discuss the factors that influence the statistics and health outcomes you have raised in your essay. For example identify various determinants of social and emotional wellbeing including both protective and risk factors. Discuss owe unemployment (ex.) might affect family functioning (micro) such as positive communication. 5. Propose strategies supported by research and the literature that will help achieve one or more aspects of the Nest action agenda vision for Australia's children and in any context influencing child and youth outcomes I. . Processes in the micro, mess, ex. Or macro systems. Intimidates is a school health promotion program that helps schools support young people to achieve their goals, build relationships and cope with challenges (http:// wry. Intimidates. Due. AU/about-Intimidates/what-is-Intimid ates). How can implementation be encouraged in your local school? Tips on the structure of your essay You have some freedom in this assessment task to select broad or focused issues impacting on child and youth health.This will impact on how to present your work. Plan your presentation carefully. Your presentation can follow the order of assignment tasks listed in the unit outline or you may reorder the information to improve the logical flow of your ideas and the essay. You can present your work as an essay however, you may use headings to respond to the various tasks. A good resource on effective writing and how to write an essay is: http://unlearning. IOW. Due. AU/main. HTML.See also a comparison between essay and a report style http://unlearning. IOW. Due. AU/report/l b. HTML Correct referencing following the Harvard style is required See the marking criteria in the unit outline for the areas your work will be assessed against. Each lecturer will arrange a webbing session for yo ur group where you can ask question about the first assessment. These sessions will be recorded so that if you can't attend the set time you can listen to the questions and answers at a later time.

Ebony and Amelia FTT essays

Ebony and Amelia FTT essays Several elements in the history present as possible causes of Ebonys failure to thrive (FTT). In a multivariate analysis, FTT between birth to 8 weeks of age is associated with maternal prenatal factors (such as a lack of transportation, socioeconomic class) and infant postnatal factors (weak sucking). While Ebony has had no significant physical symptoms, the birth weight of 4.9 kg equals macrosomia which can sometime be associated with weak sucking and slow feeding, which in turn can result in smaller quantities being expressed per feeding session and an increase in maternal fatigue. It would be difficult to continue to breast feed exclusively while working full time, without personal transportation and with another child to care for, and Tina should be congratulated for her tenacity in attempting to continue to breastfeed. While working full time, Tina has still had difficulty affording food at times, and it may be that her caloric intake is not enough to sustain adequate brea stfeeding for Ebony. Additionally, at six months it would be ideal to offer small solid feedings at six months, and it does not appear from the history that Tina has been able to start this yet. Several medical conditions could be contributing to Ebonys poor weight gain. The mere fact that there is not enough money could mean that Tina has continued to rely solely on breastfeeding at a time when Ebony needs to progress to more varied foods. Additionally, Ebony must be evaluated for any mechanical feeding difficulty, such as reflux, oromotor dysfunction, or central nervous system abnormality. Conditions which may contribute to Ebonys FTT which are not readily evident on physical examination include celiac disease, hyperthyroidism, chronic infection such as HIV, or metabolic disorders such as amino acid storage disorders. It would be helpful to obtain information on Ebonys eating and stooling patterns, whether or not she has ...

How and Why Political Systems change essays

How and Why Political Systems change essays How and Why Political Systems Change Since the creation of mankind the world has been continually changing. With each day, man develops, countries grow and political systems change. A political system is an important set of social institutions. Political systems have many functions. Political systems create resources for education, health, welfare, industry and foreign policy. Political systems have changed drastically over centuries and are still changing everyday. To understand why and how political systems change, there are many factors. Some major factors are evolution, A major factor and influence on why a political systems change is due to the countries social economy. The approach in which a country deals with certain political processes are affected by internal divisions of income, wealth and occupation, also by economic dependence or poverty. There is always a positive association between economic development and equality or income. The Linearity theory states that economic development leads to urbanization which leads to communication which leads to high levels of education and in turn leads to Democracy. This theory does an excellent job in showing how economics lead to a change in political systems. Wealthier nations such as the United States, Japan and other European countries often have more equitable income distributions than poorer countries. According to Robert J. Mundt, a political researcher, in advanced industrial nations the wealthiest ten percent of households receive about one quarter of the national income, while poorest receive forty percent and about twenty percent get only fifteen percent of the national income; in middle income countries like Brazil, the wealthiest ten percent gets forty-six percent of national income and the poorest forth percent get only eight percent. An example of a country that social economy influen...

Do You Suffer from Computer Stress Syndrome Youre Not Alone

Do You Suffer from Computer Stress Syndrome Youre Not Alone If I had to choose ONE thing that stresses me out me out more than anything else in my work life, it would be computer problems. It might not surprise you that I’m writing this blog because, on this very day, I am ready to tear my hair out due to multiple technical aggravators.There are thousands of articles and probably hundreds of books that talk about how to handle stress. But †¦ do any of them talk specifically about how to handle the stress of heart-stopping technical issues? I couldn’t find any in my admittedly basic-level internet search. I did however find a report entitled Combatting Computer Stress Syndrome that surveyed 1,000+ computer users, finding that two-thirds of them had experienced this phenomenon. Despite being self-proclaimed â€Å"savvy† users, people facing technical snafus had increased stress levels, in tandem with interrupted work or play time, loss of valuable data, dropped network or e-mail connections, and the inability to complete online purchases (that last one somehow did not garner my sympathies). My particular technical snafus today included the inability to access my QuickBooks file, some disappearing and/or inaccessible emails, and problems getting my MacMail to retrieve my business email. At the same time, I am deciding whether or not to begin implementing a CRM system – a project that sends me into overwhelm after just about 2 minutes of thinking about it. Even as I write, my heart is racing and my head pounding. If only there were a yoga class I could escape to at 8pm on a Sunday night! The article about Computer Stress Syndrome offered no solace, as it was focused on the quality of technical support – not on what to do when you are a business owner or other responsible professional facing time-sucking, aggravating and unexpected issues, or issues that you just have a hard time getting your mind around. Of course, decent tech support is essential to keeping stress levels from going through the roof. But needing to be on the phone with tech support at all is often the problem for me. I tend to postpone the inevitable for as long as possible. And what about business-related projects like the CRM that I need to deal with and that I respond to just like I would a technical problem? I would love to hire someone to take care of it for me, but it seems that no matter whom I enroll, I need to make decisions and figure things out so they know how to proceed. In many areas, I have no problem directing people and being involved in decision-making processes. But when it comes to technology I sink. The only thing I can figure out to lower my computer-induced stress levels is to take the time to solve the darned problem. In fact, I could not even complete the writing of this article until I spent an hour with Apple’s tech support team to make at least ONE of my technical issues go away. I think I have some limit, like I can handle it if there are 1-2 technical issues, but 3 or more and I’m toast. I have no further wisdom to share on this topic and am writing to ask for yours. Does anyone out there have a coping mechanism to deal with the insidious Computer Stress Syndrome? If so, please do share. You might change a lot of people’s lives for the better. 😉 I feel your pain. We writers are in a tough situation. We depend upon technology for our livelihoods, but as creatives, we need to escape it to nourish our souls and minds to keep the creative juices flowing. How to strike that balance is tough. Youre on the right track with solving one issue at a time, enlisting help, and escaping when necessary. Thats why I got into belly dancing. Gets me away from the monitor and out of the house, like your yoga. We need that! Just dont go crazy with a baseball bat like in the movie Office Space. But, you can always call me up, if you need someone to vent to. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: March 18, 2014 at 2:05 pm Thank you Kristin! I feel so understood!! Log in to Reply Michelle Robin says: March 18, 2014 at 11:27 pm Besides echoing Kristens advice of dealing with one thing at a time, I know a fantastic Mac technical help guy that specializes in creative professionals. Doing regular maintenance on your computer helps prevent problems. Log in to Reply Terri says: September 17, 2015 at 6:34 pm As someone who has worked in software engineering and studies computer science, technical issues are inevitable no matter how tech savvy you are. I use Windows and Ive probably re-installed the Windows operating system at least 10 times. The good news is that most technical issues can be fixed eventually as long as you are vigilant about backing up your data. If you have a good backup system, you can always recover from technical issues. You can always re-install the software, re-install the operating system, buy new computer parts, etc. So my answer is make sure you have a strong backup system. As long as you still have your data, you can recover. As bad as technical issues can be, losing your data is much much worse. For some advice about backups, see https://www.taobackup.com/ Log in to Reply

Practice of medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Practice of medicine - Essay Example Except for the prudent correction of an imminent danger, I will neither treat any patient nor carry out any research on any human being without the valid informed consent of the subject or the appropriate legal protector thereof, understanding that research must have as its purpose the furtherance of the health of that individual. Into whatever patient setting I enter, I will go for the benefit of the sick and will abstain from every voluntary act of mischief or corruption and further from the seduction of any patient. – An excerpt from ‘The Hippocratic Oath’. Multiple studies and researches have been conducted on the bodily reactions of patients after surgical procedures that were performed. These researches are done by professional doctors and physicians who are bound by their oath and are adamant in keeping their clients from experiencing pain or discomfort as well as discovering a viable treatment to alleviate any pain. To extrapolate such a remedy, hypothesis testing as well as research must be done. To perform to these quite rigorous procedures, the physicians must adhere to a code of ethics that will display their professionalism and protect the rights of the patients. Other than aforementioned Hippocratic Oath - which was formulated in approximately 400 B.C. - there was a plethora of ethics and guidelines engendered respective to each culture. The cardinal evidence of this comes from the bible. In the bible contains the first illustrations of edicts concerning the ethics of physicians. Among the essentials of the oath, the premier edict is honouring the pedagogues of the medical discipline.

Disertation proposal, perception of nuclear power, associated risks, Dissertation

Disertation proposal, perception of nuclear power, associated risks, and communication strategy - Dissertation Example The cheap, safe and reliable energy sources could predetermine both a society’s functioning as a whole and any individual’s well-being in particular. Against the background of rapidly rising energy consumption worldwide and more or less dwindling reserves of fossil fuel, along with still unfolded potential and certain limitations concerning the electricity generation from renewable sources, nuclear power appears to become an increasingly reasonable option - at least according to many governments, scientists and professionals. In the case of the public opinion, however, the overall picture is alarmingly different. According to a selection of reputable opinion polls conducted in the UK between 2004 and 2007, there is low support for nuclear energy, especially compared with energy from renewable sources (Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 2007, p.3). In 2010, just 38 per cent of the respondents to a Cardiff University/Ipsos MORI poll ‘believed the benefi ts of nuclear power outweighed the risks and only 39 per cent trusted the industry to run the plants safely’ (Ecologist, 2010). ... Given the legacy of the Cold War thinking, reinforced by past and recent incidents in nuclear plants like those in Chernobyl and Fukushima, along with the usual mistrust towards the government, such a trend is not a complete surprise; moreover, most of the people as a whole, and perhaps a good deal of those polled in particular, either don’t fully realise the scale and consequences of the climate change, or do consider them a faraway future and therefore not an issue to worry about, as against the existing, yet greatly exaggerated, immediate risks for people’s health and lives, which appear to form the poor image of nuclear power. This issue is being repeatedly addressed by governmental and scientific reports, documents and writings, with varying, but definitely insufficient effect, as seen from the latest polls’ results. Though the set of intentions and recommendations contained in those writings, aimed at influencing the public opinion, is considered generally correct, namely well-targeted educational campaigns, nuclear waste solutions, continued focus on safety, etc., the result, or more precisely the faint result, implies two possibilities: These efforts would need much longer time to bear fruit; There is something wrong with the messages themselves – whether in terms of formulation and clarity, or in the way they are communicated to the general public; As in most of the cases, the truth might lie in somewhere between the two – whereas a daunting task, like gaining public support for something that full of misconceptions and therefore so badly understood by the average person in the street, as nuclear power, inevitably

Competitive Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Competitive Marketing Strategy - Essay Example Mitchell and Butler focus mainly on increasing its food line and succeeded at increasing the market share. However the profit resulted from increasing market share and sales amounts are loss in the operation of the company. Diversification strategy is producing good results, but there are several segments where the group is over optimistic and produces over capacity. I believe that the diversification strategy, which is intended to receive gain from many segments, could present a future problem. Corporate strategy of expanding brand lines is proven to be working properly up to today. However, enhanced management capabilities to handle problems of strategic alliances should be developed in order to maintain cooperation and harmony among existing brands. Therefore, the key strengths for Mitchell and Butler in restaurant industry in the U.K. are its diversification strategy and segmental focus. In addition the company is also able to increase market share in certain segments. The company has realized the importance of addressing various customers' demands that I believe will help the company to sustain in today's fierce competition in restaurant business in the U.K. The company says that it will continue to evolve and develop its pubs and restaurants outlets in order to meet the needs and tastes of the British public while strengthening its position as the UK's leading managed pub operator. II.1.2 Weaknesses The major weakness of Mitchell and Butler is the inability of the company to turn the valuable brand equity of Mitchell and Butler into efficient financial performance. I think the cause of the inefficiency in the company is its unplanned diversification strategy. Compares to five major competitors as mentioned above, I can see that its competitors have ability to make profit from its operation. II.1.3 Opportunities There are several factors that influence an opportunities of a business. They include following items: 1. Customers' Confidence 2. Demographic trends 3. European Presence Concerning the issue on operator of pubs and restaurants' business, I see that Mitchell & Butler has great opportunities in providing the business since dance music based nightclubs have been around for approximately twenty years [and still become a profitable business to conduct]. II.1.4 Threats In addition to strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities; I found that Mitchell & Butler also faces potential threats as following: 1. Volatility of Demand Pub and restaurant still becomes attractive business. However, there are times when the would be a shifting from attending Mitchell & Butler-typed business to another hanging out places like cafes. 2. Strong Competition Despite being defined as specialized sector of the leisure services, the pub and restaurant industry is in direct competition with other hospitality services like hotels that also have their own pubs and restaurants. II.2 PEST II.2.1 Political PEST Analysis is a way of dividing the factors influencing businesses into four different groups. The first is Political factors. Political situations have a huge impact on business regulation. The stability of the political environment, international trade agreements, religion, cultural

The Advantages of teamwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Advantages of teamwork - Essay Example According to Hosftede, we get ourselves in life situations where we are dealing with people from diverse cultures and we have to work together for a common course. Hence, one needs to have knowledge of the cultural dimensions as illustrated by Hosftede. They include power, individualism, gender, uncertainty and long term orientation. Teamwork is a better illustration of the famous ancient phrase that says two heads are better than one. Teamwork enables people to share ideas among their team in relation to the shared task. It involves each person giving an idea and participating in decision making of the way forward in doing an activity or in the process of problem solving. Teamwork also saves time. Things get done much faster and efficient. When a group or team is assigned a task or responsibility, it is more likely that it will be done in less time with so many areas covered all at one time. Another merit of teamwork is the ability to account for weak areas. People are diverse; different cultures and each has their strengths and weaknesses that differ a lot. When people come together to do a similar task, it is easier to get solutions through each stage since there are possibilities of having one or two persons who are conversant with an identified area of weakness (McMillan & Reynolds, 2002, p. 23-34). In addition, teamwork is able to break the cultural differences that may present during a task. At workplaces, teamwork improves relationships among the work mates and the management of an organization. These relationships results to teamwork not only in the workplace but also outside work and across cultures (West, 2012, p. 56). In additions, it brings about job satisfaction and morale to engage in even bigger tasks. One thing that is essential for any manager to invest on in business or organization is teamwork. It saves a lot of time and dependency on the

Safe Medication Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Safe Medication Administration - Essay Example My practicum project is about Safe Medication Administration. As a nurse educator, I have the strong will to bring a change in pharmacological field, which I believe has started to become a global problem. I believe that for there to be a change it must start at an individual level. Therefore, my engagement in this field is to bring a significant change towards achieving safe medication administration by starting at the primary level, and that is nursing students. This improvement will positively affect my practicum site, Butler Tech, and will further improve the situation for other organizations where the nurses I will be teaching will be posted. For this project, I will be involved in teaching nursing students how to pass medication effectively and how to ensure a safe medication administration and use. I will actively use modern technology such as simulation medication carts in the lab sessions to teach students how to pass medication effectively. The set-up of the teaching enviro nment that I will be working in will involve the use of medication carts, which I will label, a medication record that will consist of counterfeit medicine, and some simulation dummies. Goal statement: As a nurse educator, my practicum experience goal is to contribute positively to the nursing field by using core competencies I have gained during my nurse educator program in helping nursing students understand the importance of safety in drug administration. At the end of the Practicum Experience, I will be able to.... Literature review Over time, there have been concerns in the nursing field on the various incidents of unsafe medicine administration. A study by Hughes and Blegen (2007) indicated that errors related to administration of medicine are becoming a principal concern among the causes of mortality and morbidity. In 2007, alone the death rate stood at 7,000. This concern led to the Institute of Medicine to come up with a report dubbed â€Å"Preventing Medication Errors† (Hughes & Blegen, 2007). The report emphasized on the need to practice safe medication administration. Years later, the problem still exists, and there although many measures have been put in place, there are still cases of unsafe drug administration in chemist, hospitals, and pharmacies (The National Patient Safety Agency, 2010). It is for this reason that I have gained a lot of interest in the field of pharmacology. The process of medicine administration is continuously becoming complex because of the continuous pr oduction and discovery of new drugs in the market. The number of prescribed medicine per patients is also playing a significant role in this trend (Garrett & Craig, 2008). Another important factor that is playing a key role in the medication field is the rapid change in medical technology and the several procedures and policies that have come up (National Patient Safety Agency, 2009a). Over the years, as I have progressed with my career I have come to discover that pharmacology, either as a course or part of a course for a nursing education is a particularly valuable element for any health care practitioner (Chester, 1977). A safe medication process and use are two essential principles that contribute

The Advantages of teamwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Advantages of teamwork - Essay Example According to Hosftede, we get ourselves in life situations where we are dealing with people from diverse cultures and we have to work together for a common course. Hence, one needs to have knowledge of the cultural dimensions as illustrated by Hosftede. They include power, individualism, gender, uncertainty and long term orientation. Teamwork is a better illustration of the famous ancient phrase that says two heads are better than one. Teamwork enables people to share ideas among their team in relation to the shared task. It involves each person giving an idea and participating in decision making of the way forward in doing an activity or in the process of problem solving. Teamwork also saves time. Things get done much faster and efficient. When a group or team is assigned a task or responsibility, it is more likely that it will be done in less time with so many areas covered all at one time. Another merit of teamwork is the ability to account for weak areas. People are diverse; different cultures and each has their strengths and weaknesses that differ a lot. When people come together to do a similar task, it is easier to get solutions through each stage since there are possibilities of having one or two persons who are conversant with an identified area of weakness (McMillan & Reynolds, 2002, p. 23-34). In addition, teamwork is able to break the cultural differences that may present during a task. At workplaces, teamwork improves relationships among the work mates and the management of an organization. These relationships results to teamwork not only in the workplace but also outside work and across cultures (West, 2012, p. 56). In additions, it brings about job satisfaction and morale to engage in even bigger tasks. One thing that is essential for any manager to invest on in business or organization is teamwork. It saves a lot of time and dependency on the

Midterm assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Midterm assignment - Essay Example It was published in 2011 indicating that the factors which were present during that time, influenced Fetterolf to write on issues that affected women. In fact, the title reveals that, during that time, there existed gender disparity and women were treated unequal members of the society. This situation influenced Fetterolf to reveal woman as the subject in his article (Fetterolf, 2011). In his article, Fetterolf claim to carry out a study that examines the future gender equality expectations of young women in their marriages and careers, upon getting higher education. In my suggestion, I believe that gender equality will never be achieved, despite women’s level of education, because of the conflicting responsibilities in marriages and career opportunities. Argument: This deduction from the article is a fallacy based on fact that the information is generalized based on the general appeal that people in well paying careers work must work for longer hours to match their payment. Fallacy: Greater education of participants,’ possible selves would lead them to evaluate themselves more favorably, anticipate greater emotional well-being, and perceive goals concerning finances, respect and power, and career as more

Rori Rayes Advice Essay Example for Free

Rori Rayes Advice Essay At least not the way youd like it to smooth and easy, loving, exciting, fun, sexy? Maybe it would start out great, he might start out like Prince Charming, but then it all fades away and youre left with a guy whos only half-there? He forgets to call, forgets to show up on time, forgets your birthday? He forgets to make the reservation, forgets the directions, and asks you to pay for dinner? He only seems to want sex, and even then, he seems to have better things to do? AFFECTION and ATTENTION are things of the past? It feels awful when even one of these things happens. But when they all seem to happen at once, its TERRIFYING. I Know Just How This Feels I remember feeling as though the bottom had dropped out of everything. As though I must have been in a dream, and then suddenly found myself awake in the middle of a nightmare. Love Doesnt Have To Be Such Hard Work If you find yourself in the same kind of relationships with the same kind of difficult or emotionally unavailable man, over and over Relationships that dont work out, or are on-again, off-again with no real progress or closure Then theres a way you can turn all that around. I have a program that will teach you all about the reasons WHY you are attracting a certain type of man to you in your life, but also HOW you can make the relationship with this kind of man actually WORK. Heres where you can read all about it and see how you can transform your difficult relationship into a loving one permanently: Feel Safe With Him The thing that I had to learn to stop beating myself up about was that the nightmare kept happening over and over again. It was so PREDICTABLE. Id get with a man and go from dream to nightmare in nothing flat. Sometimes it took a week, sometimes two, sometimes a year. I felt absolutely helpless over my own romantic destiny. When I finally figured out that the same nightmare results were coming not from my luck or my looks, but from the same MISTAKES I was making over and over things started to change. I stepped back just enough to SEE things a bit more clearly. And I started to identify EXACTLY what my mistakes were. And then and it seemed like an overnight transformation I was finally able to take some control over what was happening to me. I almost instantly got totally different results: Instead of finding myself in the middle of a nightmare where I felt hurt most of the time, I found myself having fun I discovered I had CHOICES where I used to think the choice was all the mans I discovered I had some POWER over myself and my life that I didnt know I had I felt better

Bic Corporation Marketing Strategies

Bic Corporation Marketing Strategies Introduction A smile is a curve that sets everything straight. Now a days, smile is being lost in this competitive world thus Bic Corporation is back with an innovation in toothbrush cum tooth paste know as Joy-Top. Dental hygiene is the most important part of dental care. This preserves the charming smile in most efficient manner. Primarily, good dental hygiene is essential to the health of the mouth which can be maintained by brushing teeth twice a day. It is also essential in a cosmetic manner. Pleasant, healthy smile makes a personality look more confident and thus makes them feel healthier while interacting with people. Bic Corporations, leading manufacturers of disposal pens, lighters and shavers. Manufacturing facilities are extensive in north and South America including Toronto, Canada, Milford, Connecticut, Clearwater, Saint.petersberg, Florida, Guatemala city and Mexico. Their products are low cost plastic items. The most affordable in their category are pens, lighter and shavers. Half of the companys production, sales and earnings lie on pens. The most prominent product is Clear plastic ball point Bics lighter is top seller in North America. It also makes correction fluid and pens and has acquired a premium pen manufacturing position. Joy-Top Bic Corporations focuses on low cost, good quality, disposable items, and innovations. So as to develop the product line of the company a new product called Joy-Top toothbrush cum paste has been taken into consideration. Pens, lighter, shavers are the daily used commodity for a common people so Joy-Top also appears in the same lane to these products. Whats new in Joy-Top? Joy-Top is a toothbrush which consists of head of tightly clustered bristles mounted on a handle which includes paste. The toothpaste contains fluoride which helps in increasing the effectiveness of brushing. When the bristles are pressed against teeth, in a required proportion of paste appears on the bristles internally. On an average the paste can be used for about 15-20 times. Features:- Brush head gives a great clean. The multilevel layer bristles in which the top layer act as a dental floss. As it cleans by improving gum health. Never brush too hard again when the bristles are pressed a bit hard against the teeth the paste appears internally in the bristles. If pressed more than once there will be excess of paste which can be harmful for the teeth. It is best suitable for travelers. Thus Joy-Top promises long term care. Comfort grip. Soft bristles Developing Marketing Strategies and Plan Mission statement: To provide dental health of superior quality and value which will improve the lives of the worlds consumers, as a result they will reward us with never ending smile and happiness. SWOT analysis: Strength Strong brand. Focuses on innovation. Price, Quality, Value. Marketing- Distribution, Awareness, Reach. Capabilities. Development of new technologies. Global advantages. Weaknesses Less competitive power. Low budget product. Customer service staff requires training. Drawbacks of proposition. Opportunities Development of new products. Competitors can be surprised. Business can be exceeded to overseas. Positive response from end users to new ideas. Good profit margin. Huge potential to rise in emerging markets. Variations according to season weather and fashion. Lifestyle trends. Threats Distraction from core business. High competition in the market. Unfavorable conditions due to environmental effects. High competition in the market. Global economic condition. Litigation (2011, Business balls) Summary SWOT analysis is a tool which is commonly used to provide useful information. So from the above we can say that the company is holding a strong position in todays world, keeping aside all weaknesses and threats this company can produce a product with long lasting future and considering some of the factors which are given below: Low cost Reliability Innovation Disposability Objective Objectives are the basis of policy and performance appraisal. They bind entire organization together. Objectives can also be explained as mission, purpose, which can be achieved within the expected time frame and with the available resources. (Business dictionary) Marketing objectives Target customer. Effectiveness and practical use. Research over hardness/Softness of bristles. Type of grip and general structure of toothbrush. Customer satisfaction. Product quality to be maintained in accordance with low cost. Word of mouth. Packaging to be done so as to attract maximum customers. Advertisement (Visual, Audio, Print media). Financial objectives To achieve growth in revenue of 10% per year. To increase earnings by 15% annually. To increase dividend per share by 5% per year. To increase in net profit margin 2-4% per year. Stable earnings during the period of recession. Gathering information and scanning the environment Secondary data: It is been collected by individuals or agencies for purposes other than primary research. Internet sources:- Internet search tools like Google and yahoo can help to find specific sites which are rich in information. Discussion groups, post to a chat room or news groups can help to find secondary data. Wikipedia: It helps in quick and easy search of relevant information through a bunch of Google searches. It is great for finding out basic explanation of something very important. Scribd:-It is worlds largest social reading and publishing company. Information and original written content are shared across the web and mobile devices. Non internet sources:- Library:-Periodicals (Magazines, Journals and Newspaper) art materials which are published at regular intervals. Questionnaire: They are very cost effective as compare to face to face interviews. These are easy to analyze. Wikipedia helps in collection of quantitative data which can be helpful in market research. As Scribed connects people with the information online market research will be helpful for market planning. Library contains current information which helps to translate trends into marketing opportunities. Questionnaire reduces biasness. And thus Wikipedia and Scribed helps in providing necessary information and questionnaire and library serves a way towards the research and therefore these sources becomes the important aspects in drawing marketing plan. Technological Funds for research. Potential of innovative ideas. Communication and information. Communication across the globe. Buying mechanism of end users. Demographic Lifestyle Advertisement and sales promotion Consumer buying patterns. Brand, Company image. Difference in consumer opinions. Media views. Age. Level of education. Social class. Family. Economy Industry factors. Issues regarding money/International trade. Exchange and interest rates. Trends from home economy. Market cycle (2011, Business balls) Conducting marketing research and forecasting demand Future demand Toothbrush being a daily commodity needs special attention. Bic Corporation has decided to perform and experiment in the form of a new product Joy-Top. Brushing are teeth twice a day is a major part of our daily lives, everyone wants to have a beautiful smile but brushing teeth twice a day does not mean any difference so Joy-Top with enormous features estimates the capacity of 150 million toothbrushes to be sold per annum.. Thus estimating a production of 12.5 millions monthly. Marketing effectiveness It is the quality of the marketers to go to the market with the goal to achieve good results for both short term as well as long term. An increase sale is a goal of marketing but it is a measurement of the effectiveness of the entire company. Awareness:-Effectiveness can be through website visits, traditional media mentions, and social media mentions etc. Loyalty marketing:-Customer satisfaction, retention etc. These can be effective measurements to marketing efforts Creating customer value, satisfaction and loyalty Customer satisfaction is a measurement of product and services supplied by the company to meet end user satisfaction. Measurement provides an indication of the organization been good at providing products/services to the market. (2011, En.wikipedia) Measurement 1Reliability Performance Product range 2 Quality of communication Quality of offering Flexibility Reaction time Repairing quality Information, support Availability Quality of delivery service Quality of order handling 4 3 Analyzing Consumer Market The process of selection buying using disposing of ideas, services, and goods in order to satisfy needs and wants by individuals, groups and organization is consumer behavior. (2011, scribd) Factors affecting Joy-Top Cultural factors Culture: There are different taste and manners which are being seen throughout the world. Toothbrush, the daily routine commodity is used by one and all. Now the people residing in various parts may prefer to use different paste which may or may not be suitable for our product. Subculture: This culture mainly helps in segmenting the market into various small proportions. It consists of different religions, geographic regions, racial groups etc. The needs of this particular group depend upon their lifestyle. Thus local advertisement will affect the buying behavior for Joy-Top. Social class: These are the people determined by occupation, income, education, family background and location. The buying behavior of them will be according to their piece of earning. They may prefer spending their single penny for other useful things. Social factors Reference groups: These are the people pursuing special talent to convince people for the particular product so as to increase the customers. Thus by providing practical benefit of Joy-Top can help to increase the influence. Family:-The member of the family is most influential thus the role of the members are very important for example- If the buying decision of a particular product is influenced by elderly people then the advertisement will be targeted on them. Roles and status:-There are different roles and status of a person in the society for example- A man working in the organization as a manager will play the role of manager as well as a father therefore buying decisions will be influenced according to his role and status. Personal factors Age:-Joy-Top is basically for youngster and above. Consumer changes the purchase of goods and services with the passage of time. Thus as the age increases there will be different consumers within the range. Occupation:-Joy-Top is best suitable for travelers and people having high lifestyle. Economic situation:-This trendy toothbrush focuses on all people having different economic situations Lifestyle: Joy-Top is a product which will help person to express their style in the surrounding. Personality:-Different features like self confidence, dominance etc can help to buy our product. Psychological factors Motivation:-Joy-Top can be a motivating factor so as to satisfy the needs of the consumer. Perception:-To set a better perception customer attention is necessary towards the product. Beliefs and attitude:-By launching special campaigns, customers attitude can be made positive. (2011, Business.ezinemark) Research tools The different research tools are as: Online marketing service:-Online study becomes premier data collection method for customer satisfaction research. Online research surveys are generally appropriate for customer satisfaction because data collected is quality as well as quantitative. Focus group research:-It is useful as a way to personally connect with buyers and observing their expressions and body language as they speak about the product and brand name. Competitive intelligence:-This is any information about competitors which is helpful for obtaining their strategies, strength, weakness and resources. Go to market plan:-This plan includes live market test, advertisement campaign which helps in understanding buyers attitude and behavior. Consumer buying roles Consumer buying roles relevant for Joy-Top are: Influencer: Helps in viewing influence between buyers and deciders. Buyer: Holds formal authority to select their products. User:-User of the product. Gatekeeper:-Controls information s and helps influencer and buyer. (2011, provenmodels) Stages of buying process Need:-Low cost and sales promotions like coupons, product samples can create the high need for the product. Collection of information:-Information can be collected through the sources as People (Friends, relatives, family etc) Product (details) Advertisements(Print ads, television etc ) Experiment(Using the product) Purchase decision:-Price, product, public relations can be the factors which can be consider while having buying decision. Post decision:-Physical evidence and price can be the market activity so as to confirm satisfaction to the consumers (2011, openlearningworld) Identifying market segments and targets Market segmentation:-This helps in identifying small portion the market which is different from one another. It helps customer satisfying their need. Consumer market segmentation:-Psychographic or behavioralistic are the most suitable variables to segment our consumer market. Psychographic segmentation:-In this segmentation customers are group according to different lifestyles. Variation in interest, activities, attitude, values, opinions etc helps to choose product differently Behavioralistic segmentation:-Customer behavior towards product varies due to usage rate brand loyalty readiness to buy occasions this is direct starting point for market segmentation. Business market segmentation:-The market customers are fewer in number and purchase larger quantities. There decision process involves more than one person like manufacturers, government, institutions etc. Behavioral characteristics:-This is suitable as it includes different buying status, purchase procedure and usage rate. Company type:-Company type includes industry, company size, and decision making unit. (2011, netmba) Evaluation of attractiveness of market segmentation Attractiveness will be evaluated as follows: Segment competition. Brand loyalty. Number of customers. Customers growth rate. Expected profit Target market selection Bic Company pursues selective specialization as this is multiple segment strategy for example- Lighters, shavers mainly target youth and above while stationary are targeted to all segments similarly Joy-Top targets youth and above. (2011, netmba) Dealing with competition Strategic group Big business is the strategic group for Bic Corporation. It includes business men, managers, employees, workers and many other similar groups in Bic Corporation. (2011, slideshare) Best companies in the manufacturing of toothbrush Butler gum Breath remedy Colgate Crest Dentek Dr. Fresh Glide Gripit Johnson Johnson Mentadent Oral B Plak smacker Reach Sonicare Sulcabrush Oral B is a worldwide market leader which targets children and adults. Their brushes are used by most of the dentist worldwide. (2011, Oralb) Objectives The main objective is to provide superior quality and services which improves the life of worlds consumers. Thus consumer will reward them with leadership sales profit and value creation. (2011, pg) Strength It focuses on five core strength: Understanding consumers-Fulfills the need of consumers. Innovation-Translates desire into new product. Brand building-Shapes purpose inspired brands. Go to market capabilities-Reaches consumers, retailers at the right time, at the right place. Scale-Drives consumer value and efficiency. Competitive intelligence Competitive intelligence is defining, gathering, analyzing about products, customers and competitors. Additional competitive intelligence which is required to have the complete knowledge of market leaders are: Competitors Ads-Clipping competitors ads will be helpful in collecting market material used by competitors. Competitors brochures-This helps to check out the marketing strategies, format, special offers, pricing, the key benefits and clues to the marketing segment which may be underserved. Mystery shop-Mystery shop is actually to buy their products r services so as to experience the purchases process. Internet-Major search engines can help in gathering information about them. This also helps in visiting their websites which can give important clues. (2011, Gordon) Newspapers-Newspapers can also provide major information about the market leader. Competitive strategy Bic Corporation being the market challenger needs to gain the market share and become the leader. This can be done by attacking the market leader, other firms of the same size, smaller firms. Frontal attack strategy will be the most effective for Bic Corporation by providing quality, price with low cost. Setting product strategy Core benefits Core benefits are the benefits which are being enjoyed internally as well as externally some of them are as follows: Joy-Top can provide long term care. It is flexible as well as durable. Joy-Top provides oral hygiene in low cost. It helps in avoiding gum diseases. Outer case of the toothbrush will avoid contact with germs as it is a germ free case. Joy-Top is a toothbrush cum toothpaste. So travelers need not to take paste along with them. Augmented product Bic Click one of the New Zealands favorite retractable ball pen. Sturdy pocket clip. 1.0 mm medium ball diameter. Ridges on barrel for better writing Available in colors Blue, Black, Green, Red. (2011, au.bicworld) Developing pricing strategies and programs Pricing objectives To maximize long run profit as toothbrush is never ending demand. To obtain a target rate of return on sales so as to achieve profit. To get competitive advantage. To enhance the image of Bic Corporation. To increase sales volume. As toothbrush being easily available commodity customers are not likely to be price sensitive. As Joy-Top is a low cost product demands will be elastic. Pricing decisions Internal factors: Product pricing depends heavily on the productivity of operating facilities. Increasing productivity can reduce the cost of production of each product and thus allows the marketer to lower the product price. External factors:-There are number of influencing factors which are not controlled by the company but will have the impact on pricing decision. Pricing decisions changes due to following: Elasticity of demand Customer expectation Government regulation Competition and other products (2011, know this) Promotional pricing like 20% less of the actual price would be adapted by Bic Corporations. Designing and managing value networks and channels Marketing flows Physical flow-In physical flow manufacturer, transporters, and warehouses will directly deal to customers. Title flow-Title flows from supplier to the manufacturer then dealers and finally to the customers. Payment flow-Payment is received by customers then to banks-dealers-banks-manufacturer-banks and finally to suppliers. Information flow-Information flow from suppliers to transporters, warehouses, banks to manufacturers and from manufacturers to transporters, warehouses, banks-dealers-transporters, banks-customers and vice-versa. Promotion flow- It flows from suppliers-advertising agency-manufacturers-advertising agency-dealers-customers. Selective distribution is the most appropriate distribution as it works in normal pattern where sellers stock the product in consumer as well as in business market. Managing retailing, Wholesaling, Logistics Types of retailers The most appropriate retailers are: Departmental stores:-They bear a resemblance to a collection of specialty stores and offer considerable customer service. Advantages:- 1. Cheaper price than of special shops because of bulk buying. 2. Large range of goods Disadvantages:- Lower quality of service as compared to special shops. Supermarkets:-Supermarkets sell mostly daily products as well as food products. Advantages:- Sometimes cheaper than other shops. Quality is often assured here Disadvantages:- Generally prices are higher. Variety stores:-These offer extremely low cost goods with limited selection. Advantages:- Convenient Able to compare product price and features. No pressure to buy. Disadvantages:- No enjoyment of retail shopping. Privacy and security issues. Product category risk. Too many choices. Wholesalers They are the people selling service to the third party who in turn sells the products to their customers. Wholesalers are referred as decision support system for production and distribution. They propose an optimization model to satisfy the best service at low cost. There decision support system is developed to build different aspects and suitable models for selling. (2011, article alley) Market logistic issues The product has to be delivering at the right time for the right place in right condition. Outsourcing and considerable values are the functions to be performed by logistics. A thorough knowledge of materials, foreign exchange, custom regulations, purchasing, transportation, and information technology and supply chain management is required. (2011, bestlogisticsguide) Designing and managing integrated market communications Audience targeted Bic Corporations would target unintended audience as Joy-Top is a daily routine commodity and is used by one and all. (2011, everything2) Image Bic Corporations need to attract more customers and client. Thus Bic Corporations is focusing on trustworthy business image. Although, Bic is successful in maintaining trustworthy image through the products like pens, shavers, lighters, thus they tend to serve more customers. (2011, sbinfocanada) Objective of communication campaign The basic objective of the campaign is to educate the public. The goal of the campaign is to build peoples confidence in dental hygiene and to ensure a smooth product. The campaign would consist of free dental check-ups and thus the need of Joy-Top will be shown. Campaigning would consist of distribution of brochures, free samples and promotional products. Promotional tools In Store promotion:-This influences the consumer decision making process at the particular moment. A lot of purchases are made by impulse buying. Trade fairs:-This tool helps in export promotion and also an expensive tool. Advertising:-Advertising is directly targeted to the big audience and end users. It is also targeting the players in distribution channels, importers and wholesalers. Internet:-Internet offers display possibilities and advertisement space. Catalogues, brochures, company profile can be digitalize and put on the web. It is an economic and flexible option. The corporate brochure:-Material and print used are of superior quality and thus A3 sizes of papers are used to provide required information. (2011, infomipyme) Marketing communications budget The budgeting process helps in determination of the realistic plan for profit margin; 10-20% gross revenue is projected to marketing and communications. 4% on the purchase of advertisement and promotion media including internet, TV, newspaper. + 2% producing and printing all communications including newsletters, brochures etc. + 1.5% producing special events. + 2% promotional products + 3.5% salaries, consultants and independence. = 13% Total percentage of Bic budget going to communications and market (2011, getting attention) Managing mass communication: Advertising, sales promotion, event and public relations Joy-Top being a new product needs attention in the market. Advertisements will help the consumers to know about the product and the services without advertisement there are chances of bad word of mouth and fake visual clues. (2011, financialcrisis2009) Advertising goals Goals are very specific. Generally advertising goals are made to increase sales. It increases knowledge and awareness. Thus advertising goals are: Target market to achieve Corporate image Emphasis on Joy-Top Monetary expenditure Right time of advertisement Smile to the fullest and make this world a better place to live in -a message with Joy-Top reveals. Television and internet are most appropriate media as these media are the best ways to express this message. Promotion Consumer promotion is to stimulate sales by influencing the end consumers. Bic Corporations mainly focuses in serving end users. Thus consumer promotion is the best option. Promotion of public relation Bic Corporations being a brand name already sustains a good corporate image in the market. Promotions are being done using advertisements rather than public relations. Managing personal communications: Direct marketing and personal selling Direct selling Direct selling is basically marketing and selling products, directed to customers from fixed retail location. Bic Corporations prefer direct selling force as it has its own advantages which are as follows: There are more opportunities to meet new people. Internet helps in increasing sales tremendously An unlimited amount of money is been expected to be earned (2011, improvingyourworld) Selling activities should focus on professional sales people who are well trained and ethically responsible. Sales objective To develop a strong personnel relationship with the customer in order to be successful. A special skill which is not generally seen in common people. Role of E-marketing Internet plays a very important role in every aspect of product life cycle. It delivers the highest value during the growth and maturity. The medium of searching makes internet an ideal platform for informing sharing and educating. Primary goal of internet during launch is to create awareness, encourage trial and build a brand. Online brand building and awareness can be cost effective to serve consumers because the target audience can be naturally drawn to specific online information (2011, lewis) Sales Representative The biggest challenge for a sales representative is time and territory management. Some strategy requires selling Joy-Top is: They should have complete knowledge of Bic Corporations and their product. The person should be a good communicator and influencer. The representative must know the product. The representative must maintain customer contacts in order to get feedbacks, to know new trends and to have new customers request. (2011, llc) Executive summary Bic Corporations is a manufacturing company dedicated to low cost, innovative and disposable product. The company has production line as pen, lighter, shaver. The company was formed in 1945 and has 2700 employees. The company intends to become a manufacturer leader by expanding and adding to its product line. Thus a new daily base commodity (Toothbrush) has come into consideration. Referencing Anonymous., 2011. SWOT analysis method and examples [Online] Available at: http://businessballs.com/swotanalysisfreetemplate.htm [Accessed 2 February 2011] Anonymous., 2011 Develop specific financial goals and objectives [Online] Available at: http://www.e-channelnews.com/ec_storydetail.php?ref=411299 [Accessed 2 February 2011] Anonymous., 2011 Objective [Online] Available at: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/objective.html [Accessed 2 February 2011] Anonymous., 2011 Finding the perfect toothbrush [Online] Available at: http://yogizilla.wordpress.com/2007/05/10/finding-the-perfect-toothbrush-a-lesson-in-marketing [Accessed 2 February 2011] Anonymous., 2011 Secondary objective [Online] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/18789047/Secondary-Data-Sources[Accessed 2 February 2011] Anonymous., 2011 Pest analysis [Online] Available at: http://businessballs.com/pestanalysisfreetemplate.htm[Accessed 2 February 2011] Anonymous., 2011 How to achieve total customer satisfaction [Online] Available at: http://www.businessknowledgesource.com/marketing/how_to_achieve_total_customer_satisfaction_027879.html [Accessed 2 February 2011] Anonymous., 2011 How many ways can a toothbrush be improved [Online] Available at: http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100218095845AA8jZHp[Accessed 2 February 2011] Anonymous., 2011 Factors affecting consumer behavior [Online] Available at: http://business.ezinemark.com/factors-affecting-consumer-behavior-50fc758b3b5.html[Accessed 2 February 2011] Anonymous., 2011 Oral b toothbrush 9900 review [Online] Available at: http://oralbtoothbrush.org/oral-b-toothbrush-9900-review[Accessed 2 February 2011] Anonymous., 2011 Toothbrush background [Online] Available at: http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Toothbrush.aspx[Acce

Essay --

Written around 1606, Macbeth is recognized as one of Shakespeare’s greatest works. Macbeth deals with the downfall of the title character Macbeth as he falls from a respected, decorated soldier to a despised, tyrannical monarch. This fall from grace is accompanied by the motif of darkness. Darkness serves to set the ominous and superstitious tone of the story, foreshadows events, and is used as a symbolic device. One of the uses of darkness is to establish the dark and mysterious tone. One example of darkness being used to establish tone is when Lennox notes of the â€Å"unruly night.† (Act 2, Scene 3) Lennox also points out that â€Å"the chimmneys were blown down†, meaning there were odd wind patterns, and that the â€Å"obscure bird†, meaning owl, often associated with darkness, was noisy all night. This quote shows the eerie events that happen at night and associates the darkeness of night with mysterious happenenings. Another use of darkness for tone is when Lady Macbeth mentions it when she decides that she would help Macbeth do the necessary dirty work to take the throne after reading his letter to her. While she calls upon the dark spirits to strip away her feminity she also says â€Å"†¦nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark To cry â€Å"Hold, hold!†Ã¢â‚¬  (Act 1, Scene 5) In this quote Lady Macbeth is also using darkness metaphorically as a way that she and her husband can keep their ambitions secret and how the darkness serves as a cover so that no one can see them commit the murder. The secrecy that the Macbeths desire helps add to the dark tone of the story. In both these quotes, darkness establishes the enigmatic and cryptic tone that dominates the play. In addition, darkness is used to ... ...l things since she decided to help Macbeth become king. It is a vain attempt to keep herself in a good light even though she has done many bad things. While it physically keeps her in a bright state, it cannot take the darkness out of her heart. This struggle adds to her insanity. In this scene darkness and light represent good and evil as they often do in many stories. Darkness is one of the more prominent motifs in Macbeth. It establishes the tone, foreshadows events in the story, and is used as a symbolic device. When its uses are put together darkness helps show us the theme. Macbeth is a tragedy, creully showing how fearless ambition can have disastrous effects. One cannot get so far without suffering some consequences. Sometimes all the work put in just isn’t worth the price you pay. And unfortunately for Macbeth it him cost everything.

Learning and Memory Applied :: Essays Papers

Learning and Memory Applied Learning and memory are fascinating. The world could not function without either. They both are used in many different fashions in a wide variety of places. Learning and Memory have been carefully studied by professionals but are also well known and used by the common people on a daily basis. I am one of those common people, a student who is constantly learning and making the most of my memory. Since enrolling in The Psychology of Learning and Memory class I have come to the realization that I encounter situations in my life that exemplify the very concepts I have studied. I have also learned that it is beneficial to apply the lessons learned in class to my everyday life. Positive reinforcement, learned helplessness and serial recall are a few among many of the learning and memory models that have come to action in my life and in my final reflections surrounding the course. First of all, I was highly interested in the concept and various factors that together make up positive reinforcement. I had a premise that I could do some experimental work on the three children for whom I baby-sit during the week after school. They leave school full of energy and it is my job to get them to complete a series of tasks before the end of the evening. I imagined that some positive reinforcement might get them on their way to handling their responsibilities in a timelier manner. My first step was to come up with a specific instrumental response that would produce reinforcement. This took no time at all because by far the most painfully difficult thing for me to do is get the children to sit down and do their homework. I then spoke specifically to each child and asked them what they would rather choose as an after school activity. They named video games, television, and going to play with other neighborhood children. I had expected these types of answers from the children and made them into the positive reinforcers that would be contingent on the children’s performance of the instrumental response; namely completing their homework. I explained to the children that if they behaved and finished their homework, then directly following they could spend an hour doing an activity of their choice.

Analyse the causes of the 1848 revolution in France Essay

Analyse the causes of the 1848 revolution in France. With the ascension of Louis-Phillipe to the throne in July 1830, after the abdication of Charles X he appeared to have many factors in his favour that would seem to warrant a successful monarch and long standing regime. However, after 14 years the monarch, Louis-Phillipe, felt forced into a position where he had to abdicate, why then did the regime collapse so suddenly and unexpectedly? Especially after it had overcome so many early difficulties to establish itself in the minds of the French as an acceptable form of government. I believe the answer lies in a number of factor/causes. Long Term Causes Notably, one of the greatest weaknesses of the monarchy was the fact that Louis-Phillipe could claim no right to the throne of France. The French Tradition concerning the crown was that of heredity right, and had occurred so for centuries, being based, it was claimed, on the will of God. Therefore, although disliked no one could dispute the right of the Bourbons to occupy the throne of France. Louis-Phillipe had no such divine right as there was no belief that the legitimate monarch should be replaced by one of his relatives if he became unpopular. On what basis, then, was he king? There only appear to be three basis’s for a regime; hereditary right, the will of the people or the force of arms. Louis-Phillipe fulfilled none of these criteria. Indeed, the Orleaninst Monarchy was merely a useful compromise clutched at by desperate land owners who feared for their welfare in context of the future. The only way such forms of government can survive is if they manage to continue con vincing their nation that they have the moral right to be in power and in so doing inspire confidence in their supporters. Other long-term causes of Louis-Phillipe eventual downfall can be traced to his policies, both foreign and domestic. What must be remembered is that for the previous five hundred years France had been the most powerful nation in Europe, a heroic and glorious past in which the French placed great importance in. This had ended with napoleons defeat at the hands of the fourth coalition of European powers who had felt that their safety had been placed in question. This, napoleons final defeat, had occurred fifteen years previous and sufficient time had lapsed for the French people to yearn a return to their glorious past and a reinstatement of their empire. However, Louis-Phillipe thought differently, ignoring his past (as a young man he was a refugee abroad which led him to view active/aggressive foreign policy with suspicion) and his natural caution and desire for peace, one has to take into account the fact that the other major European Powers were determined not to let France endanger the security of the other European states again. The king realized that it was likely that any provocation the Powers would attempt to impose their will upon France as they had done in 1815. He recognised the precarious position he was in therefore his highest priority was to avoid a general European war where he was sure to be opposed by Austria, Russia, Prussia and Britain. Evidence of this opinion came in the form of the Belgium question. Belgium previously of the French empire had been annexed to the Netherlands in an attempt to create a buffer to future French expansion. The Belgium’s were not happy with this situation and so rebelled. They were successful. There was general fear throughout Europe that France would then again annex Belgium, but this did not happen. France did not intervene even though Louis-Phillipe’s son was offered the crown. Instead, France worked closely with Britain to ensure the independence of Belgium. Later in Spain there was a power struggle, an area considered to be Frances sphere of influence, but again Louis-Phillipe tried to gain no unfair advantage in the area. This behaviour of the French king was abnormal in the eyes of the French and wholly disappointing as again and again he refused to gain international advantage. In the late 1830’s a foreign crisis emerged that would make the French people feel more than disappointment. The Ottoman Empire was an empire that was struggling. The only way it managed to maintain its control was by establishing local rulers who had relative freedom as long as they respected the suzerainty of the Sultan in Constantinople. However, one leader emerged, Mehemet Ali of Egypt that had almost as much power as the Sultan himself. This pleased the French as Ali was a client of theirs using a lot of their technology and intelligence. The European powers were displease with this and wanted to limit Ali’s powers. Thiers, the leading minister, began an obstructionist policy hoping that Ali would resolve matters in his own way, Thiers even implied it would be an issue that France would go to was over. Unfortunately Britain called Frances bluff as Britain and Russia forced Ali to accept their terms. Louis-Phillipe was humiliated as he wasn’t prepared to risk a war with Britain and Russia; he dismissed Thiers and had to accept national humiliation. This specific incident led to enormous displeasure and discontent among the French people. They felt that in backing down Louis-Phillipe had acted dishonourably and had humiliated the country. Furthermore, the subsequent friendship that evolved with Britain (a situation which Louis-Phillipe felt would be favourable to his position in Europe) added more salt to the wounds. France was playing a junior partner to Britain, the traditional enemy. Louis-Phillipe was in a position where he could do no right. He wasn’t in the position to adopt an aggressive foreign policy (that is aside from the fact that he didn’t want to) which disappointed his subjects and in the scenario where he did become active he adopted positions tha t led to even more humiliation than inactivity would have bestowed. Another aspect of Louis-Phillipe’s reign that could of led to his downfall can be rooted in his domestic policy. Again here inactivity was favoured by the king. Once the regime was established and certain basic rules changed to the kings liking the king’s view was that everything was working well so there was no use in tampering with it. Almost, that the system was beyond improvement. Unfortunately for the king, this was not a widely shared view. The main bone of discontent was concerning the current voting system. Many hankered for a reform especially as there was emerging a new class, a group of men who considered themselves to be part of the social elite and yet who didn’t have the right to vote. Their cause was championed by the Legislative assembly (with Thiers an ardent supporter) a situation which made life more difficult for the king and his government. Another reason for the eventual collapse of the July monarchy can be traced back to the actual person of the king. By 1843 the king had reached his 70th birthday and although fit and alert he was, decidedly old and traits that he had exhibited earlier on in life became more pronounced. His talkativeness became something to be endured, he avoided making decisions altogether being satisfied with the current situation, His public appearances became less which meant he couldn’t create and maintain personal loyalties, significantly he stopped reviewing the National Guard in 1840, what Louis-Phillipe couldn’t see was that he was leaving a vacuum that could easily be filled be someone else on the occasion of a crisis. However these weren’t his only problems for the king one of his other problems was that he failed to play the part of the grand and great king that was traditional in France. He dull and boring, to be honest, he lived like a bourgeoisie merchant doing much for himself, wandering through Paris unattended; he was not the inaccessible monarch of previously. He looked and dressed in an undistinguished manner. This led to the claim that the king was insufficiently different from the ordinary man to be worth having as king. Short Term Causes One of the major problems that surrounded the Revolution of 1848 was the current economic depression. Due to Industrial Revolution Paris had grown considerably which, even when the economy was healthy, created problems of poverty and poor living conditions. By 1846 there was widespread unemployment; tens of thousands of people were living in poverty or near starving. Also, around the same time a social conscience had begun to develop among the upper classes and the opinion was that something must be done. The king responded with his usual stoicism and stubbornness in that he felt that nothing could be done. This isolated some of his natural supporters and disillusioned those who thought that the July monarchy would be a flexible and responsive regime. There were many opponents of Guizot in Parliament, many of whom wanted to see him ousted form power. (NB. They wanted to achieve power for themselves not overthrow the king) One way which the felt effective was the organization of banquets to champion the cause of electoral reform. They arranged a series of local meeting to whip up popular support. Instead the reformers lost control as they were taken over by extreme republicans who desired the overthrowing of the regime. Consequently the meeting were banned and made illegal. There was one due to take place in Paris on 22 February 1848 but subsequently it was illegal. A march took its place. When Louis-Phillipe then called on the National Guard he recognized their reluctance and realized he judged the general mood wrongly. He lost his nerve. He dismissed Guizot in order to mollify the opposition but this instead gave hope to the agitators. The next day troops then fired on a good natured crowd killing 80. The Republicans used this to whip up anger and mobilize a mob in Paris. On 24 February 1848 Louis-Phillipe abdicated. In a situation as complex as that of the Revolution of 1848 with so many interdependent causes it is foolish to attempt to satisfy such a wide ranging issue with one simple answer. There was a fundamental weakness in the July Monarchy in that it seemed to have no right to the throne what was unfortunate for Louis-Phillipe was that there were already alternative forms of government available if the current one became unpopular. Furthermore, his changing personality was leaving a vacuum that could easily be filled be someone else on the occasion of a crisis. These both led to the king’s support being considerable diminished at a time when it was most need. Moreover The king’s lifestyle contributed to the widespread feeling that the July monarchy had outlived its usefulness: it was not that Louis-Phillipe’s lifestyle and personality turned friends into enemies; rather, they contributed to the slump n moral which left the way open to those who passionately wanted change. As well as this his both unsuccessful domestic and foreign led to a more hostile general feeling towards the king as well as contributing to the internal upheaval that eventually led to the kings unseating. In the immediate events leading to the king’s abdication Louis-Phillipe’s â€Å"senile imbecility† (A. de Tocqueville) had a large part to play. His loss of nerve lost many of his last supporters, he failed to stand firm and weather a modest storm. His handling of the situation and especially his failure to call the army which might well have saved him eventually led to his downfall. He allowed a small molehill to become a mountain for no strong reason. It is difficult to assess which of these factors played the greatest role, for, all of the long term factors appear of equal importance, on a par also with the backdrop of economic depression and social consciousness that was concurrent at the time however the questions still remains whether these on their own would have been enough to make a successful revolution and if whether the king had acted correctly and strongly, he would not have fallen It seems it was the kings inactivity that pervaded every part of his professional and personal life (foreign and domestic policy, personality and lifestyle and ultimately in the last days leading up to his abdication) that eventually l ed to his downfall. (Felt that this wasn’t a satisfactory conclusion, found it hard to articulate here, how could I improve it, there seemed to be so many possibilities) Use ready made alternative forms of govment in conclusion to show why fist point was important. Domestic policy – if their had been an electorate reform the regime would have won the cative support of the ‘new group’ Personality- he was lifestyle- they Hort term- Louis-Phillipes lack of stubbornessdismayed his supporters who say this as an indication that the end was near and nobody wants to support a lost acuse . Louis-Phillipe was still in the position to use the army and stand strong but the lack of support shown by the National Guard seemed to have b

How to Succeed in College Essay

For most, the collegiate experience represents a major cornerstone in life. Attending college can provide identity, give direction and fortify the foundation of its students. Success in college means always demonstrating responsible decision making. Attendance policies and rules of participation may not appear to be significant, but they can move a student to the right or to the left in the grading scale. It is also crucial to adhere to rigid standards that command accountability. Some Professors are adamant about participation and class involvement. Academia mandates setting goals and becoming objective. You will discover that these habits, when applied, enhance the window of opportunity for success to enter. Confidence is an essential part of being a successful college student. Likewise, a student that lacks this sort of discipline, readiness and mental strength will most likely be lackadaisical and less likely to thrive in college. The first key to succeeding in college is attenda nce. Being present and on time ensures that pertinent knowledge is ascertained. Most of all, showing up on time for every class allows the individual to develop positive attendance habits that are just as important in the job market. These habits reflect a sense of dependability to professors and employers alike. A student simply cannot gain information from a lecture if they are not present. Nonetheless, being present is only half of the equation. The next step is class participation. Professors want to see that their students can apply what is being taught to them. This element may stimulate debate, or even trigger thorough research on something in particular. At the college level, participation and attentiveness really exercise the mind. Consequently, when students work in groups, are involved in research and share opinions they are able to hone their communication skills. Subsequently, it is critical for any college student to set goals and concise objectives for accomplishing them. Individuals with something to work toward are most likely to thrive in any c ollege or university. Goals provide the determination to fuel students through adversity; school related or not. Objectives should be well-defined. They are actually small steps indicative of levels of accomplishment and success. For college students, enormous goals are not far-fetched, nor do they seem impossible to reach when clear  objectives exist. Students who regularly set goals and objectives possess more ambition and drive than those who do not. Goal-oriented people have a more resilient work ethic due to the fact that they can see the progression of their hard work when they arrive at specific objectives. This hard work creates a sense of gratitude and individual accomplishment. Ultimately, college students must be prepared mentally and harbor a positive attitude. Self-confidence must be present if anyone is to endure the investment and sacrifice that pave the way to becoming a college graduate. A confident student is one that can evade social distractions and work through personal adversity to get to the finish line. Successful college students and college graduates are mentally poised. This frame of mind beckons the hard-working college student to accept challenges, explore new modes of learning and to appreciate their individuality. A confident mind is a mind for success. The rigors of college can, at times, seem overwhelming. With so much information to process, students are bound to enter their respective careers with a solid grasp on what they are doing. Success in college is contingent almost completely on attitude and fortitude. The college freshman will discover that the road ahead is bumpy, demanding and can be painstaking. The graduating senior will be indebted forever for the journey. The investment is precious; the success affiliated with reaching the destination is boundless.

English literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

English literature - Essay Example n Frankenstein there seems to be a continuous struggle for the women characters however the author appears to be very specific in considering independence for women, in the sense not woman character is likely to decide and act independently like that of Jane Eyre. There remains lack of action from the part of women characters, where as in Jane Eyre women characters take the leading as well as challenging position representing their presence in the novel as active. â€Å"However, the passive nature of the female characters adheres more closely to what would typically be expected of them, as both Elizabeth and Frankensteins mother are portrayed as wonderful but nevertheless altogether dependent on the men for provision. It is possible that Shelley felt that too many radical positions in the book might alienate the very audience she was attempting to influence,† observes Shader [2002]. There is one final female character in the book. Frankensteins servant Justine, who is possibly the ideal picture of women in the book. However, the character of Justine has been criticised only as a failure. Elizabeth describes her "softness and winning mildness", while Frankenstein calls her "frank-hearted and happy." It is interesting to note that one woman praises another for her passiveness, and indeed, it is this passive nature that is typical of women in the book and particularly prominent in Justine. Even in the face of the greatest injustice, Justine submits to the judicial system, saying, "I must be condemned, although I would pledge my salvation on my innocence. Shader [2002] â€Å"Another pattern that both Anne Mellor in "The Female in Frankenstein" and William Veeder in "Frankenstein: Self-Division and Projection" discuss is that of name symbolism, which reinforces Victor Frankensteins hubris in trying to eliminate the female as he attempts to win eternal fame as the founder of a new line of superhuman. Instead of submitting himself to the will of the community and the

Establishment of Slavery in English Colonies Research Paper

Establishment of Slavery in English Colonies - Research Paper Example ough one should not excuse the men and women who started slavery in the colonies on the basis of cultural relativism, one also should not ignore the causes of slavery in the first place. First, understanding the origins of slavery is important for preventing the institution from ever returning. Second, it is important to scholars to understand the social and economic conditions of the early English colonies, and the perspective of slaves (and slaveholders) provides an excellent perspective on that history. Common belief in our day is that slavery itself began as an expression of racist ideologies against the African continent (Williams). However, it seems more likely that slavery took its origins in the English colonies with economic factors and the growing capitalist ideology sweeping across Europe and her farthest outposts. Slavery on the British Isles was nearly nonexistent throughout the kingdom’s history; nevertheless, the institution of slavery spread like wildfire throughout its colonies, and was common operating procedure by the 17th century. In her seminal work The Origin of American Slavery, historian Betty Wood addresses the question of social and economic causes for slavery in the English colonies. She ascribes the origin of slavery to both factors: racism and economics. She writes, â€Å"Albeit with the benefit of hindsight, it would seem from the outset American slavery was characterized by an awareness of ethnic differences that over the course of a century hardened into an overt racism† (Wood 7-8). But this does not answer the crucial question of whether racist ideologies or capitalist ideologies played the crucial role in the very beginning of slave trade. There are arguments to be made for either case. A Marxist historian, for instance, might blame capitalism more readily than a historian of African history, such as William Dillon Piersen in his Afrocentric From Africa to America. To consider both sides of the debate, one must analyze the

Ethical Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 10

Ethical Energy - Essay Example ore selecting a method that will generate adequate power for the present, have the potential for expansion to meet future needs and is minimally damaging to the environment. Due to the large investment involved, ethical issues that may result in selection of an inappropriate source or power generation is a factor that has to be considered. This is a preliminary report for the Board of Directors of Karsson arguing for a source that will be satisfactory regarding all the parameters mentioned above. It will take into consideration the advantages and disadvantages inherent in different methods of power generation along with ethical issues that have to be taken into consideration. (Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector). Greenhouse gases are those which absorb harmful radiation that is given off by the surface of the earth after it absorbs it from the sun’s rays. â€Å"Greenhouse [GH] molecules are those that absorb terrestrial radiation, that which is emitted by the Earth’s surface as a result of the warming effect of incoming solar radiation.† (Barrett 2005, p.1037). The greenhouse gases found in the earth’s atmosphere are water (vapour), CO2 or carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. This is given in the decreasing order of absorption with ozone having the least absorption capability. (Ozone plays a major role in blocking UV and other harmful rays from the sun rather than retaining or absorbing from the earth’s surface). This absorption is important to maintain life sustaining temperature. But when levels of these gases increase (due to pollution) the heat generated is more than what is required or safe and ultimately results in the phenomenon called global warming. The chart given above shows the greenhouse emission as per sector or industry. It can be seen that the biggest contributor of greenhouse gases is from power stations. It is true that some methods of generation are more harmful than others and this will be discussed later in this